{
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-luccioni-2023",
      "status": "superseded",
      "superseded_by": "src-luccioni-2024-facct-verified",
      "title": "Power Hungry Processing: Watts Driving the Cost of AI Deployment?",
      "authors": [
        "Luccioni, A. S.",
        "Jernite, Y.",
        "Strubell, E."
      ],
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.16863",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "v1",
          "date": "2023-11-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "v3",
          "date": "2024-10-15"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "v3",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "ACM FAccT 2024",
        "venue_type": "conference",
        "peer_review": "reviewed",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_academic",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": [],
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_editor_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "versioned"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-luccioni-2024-facct-verified",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Power Hungry Processing: Watts Driving the Cost of AI Deployment?",
      "authors": [
        "Luccioni, A. S.",
        "Jernite, Y.",
        "Strubell, E."
      ],
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.16863",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "doi": "10.1145/3630106.3658542",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "v1",
          "date": "2023-11-28"
        },
        {
          "label": "v3",
          "date": "2024-10-15"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "v3",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "ACM FAccT 2024",
        "venue_type": "conference",
        "peer_review": "reviewed",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        },
        "archival": true,
        "conference_dates": "2024-06-03/2024-06-06"
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_academic",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": "reported in the paper; repository URL not extracted",
          "state": "extracted"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": "CodeCarbon logs reported as released; repository URL not extracted",
          "state": "extracted"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": [],
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "verification": {
        "verified_by": "codex-gpt-5-6",
        "verified_by_model": "GPT-5.6",
        "verified_at": "2026-08-27",
        "depth": "primary_source_read"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "src-videokilled-2025",
      "status": "superseded",
      "superseded_by": "src-delavande-2025-v1-verified",
      "title": "Video Killed the Energy Budget: Characterizing the Latency and Power Regimes of Open Text-to-Video Models",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19222",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "v1",
          "date": "2025-09-23"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "v1",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "NeurIPS 2025 NextVid Workshop",
        "venue_type": "workshop",
        "peer_review": "reviewed",
        "review_type": "double_blind",
        "archival": false,
        "presentation": "oral"
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_academic",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": [
        {
          "id": "ii-001",
          "severity": "minor",
          "description": {
            "en": "The abstract states six models; the in-text comparison table lists seven."
          },
          "affects_cited_value": false,
          "action": {
            "en": "Carry this note when citing. Authors have not been contacted."
          }
        }
      ],
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_editor_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "versioned"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-delavande-2025-v1-verified",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Video Killed the Energy Budget: Characterizing the Latency and Power Regimes of Open Text-to-Video Models",
      "authors": [
        "Delavande, Julien",
        "Pierrard, Regis",
        "Luccioni, Sasha"
      ],
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19222",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "v1",
          "date": "2025-09-23"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "v1",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "NeurIPS 2025 NextVid Workshop",
        "venue_type": "workshop",
        "peer_review": "reviewed",
        "review_type": "double_blind",
        "archival": false,
        "presentation": "oral"
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_academic",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": "claimed, but the v1 PDF contains an anonymized link placeholder",
          "state": "extracted"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": "generated videos claimed as released, but the v1 PDF contains an anonymized link placeholder",
          "state": "extracted"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": [
        {
          "id": "ii-001",
          "severity": "minor",
          "description": {
            "en": "The abstract states six models; the in-text comparison table lists seven."
          },
          "affects_cited_value": false,
          "action": {
            "en": "Carry this note when citing. Authors have not been contacted."
          }
        }
      ],
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "verification": {
        "verified_by": "codex-gpt-5-6",
        "verified_by_model": "GPT-5.6",
        "verified_at": "2026-08-27",
        "depth": "primary_source_read"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "src-holzle-2009",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Powering a Google search",
      "authors": [
        "Hölzle, Urs"
      ],
      "url": "https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/powering-google-search.html",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "original",
          "date": "2009-01-11"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "original",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Official Google Blog",
        "venue_type": "corporate_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is reporting on its own product",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        }
      },
      "context_note": {
        "en": "Written to rebut a then-circulating claim of 7 g CO2 per search. Not a research publication."
      },
      "integrity_issues": [
        {
          "id": "ii-002",
          "severity": "major",
          "description": {
            "en": "No method, breakdown, or measurement conditions are given. It states only that the figure covers server time and prior work such as index building. Facility power is not mentioned."
          },
          "affects_cited_value": true,
          "action": {
            "en": "All boundary components are unknown. It does not meet this report's inclusion bar and is not used as a figure."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ii-003",
          "severity": "major",
          "description": {
            "en": "Google has not updated it since 2009. When Full Fact checked in 2019, no newer data was provided."
          },
          "affects_cited_value": true,
          "action": {
            "en": "Never present it as a current value. Chapter 4 exhibits the absence of updates itself."
          }
        }
      ],
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_editor_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "versioned"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-fullfact-2019",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "How energy intensive is a Google search?",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "publisher": "Full Fact",
      "url": "https://fullfact.org/environment/google-search/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2019-08-15"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "from_search_metadata_not_confirmed_on_page",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Full Fact",
        "venue_type": "fact_checking_organisation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_journalism",
      "reported_by_note": {
        "en": "A third-party verification record, though Google's answer within it remains a self-report."
      },
      "supports": [
        "ii-003"
      ],
      "claim_recorded": {
        "en": "As of 2019 no data newer than the 2009 figure existed, and Google told Full Fact only that data-centre efficiency had improved. The article also cites a University of Leeds researcher, who judged that any change since 2009 would most likely be a decrease driven by efficiency gains."
      },
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": [],
      "document_type": "versioned"
    },
    {
      "id": "src-google-envreport-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Google 2026 Environmental Report",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_applicable"
      },
      "url": "https://sustainability.google/files/1699a2e19277e478b38a659f00cb38398a836e8c/download-1699a2e1.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-06-30"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "covers_fiscal_year": 2025,
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Google Sustainability",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is reporting on its own operations",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_pdf_read_methodology_and_detailed_disclosures",
      "note": {
        "en": "The report PDF's Methodology and Detailed disclosures were checked on 2026-08-27. It reports 2025 data."
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-google-cloud-carbon-footprint-docs",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Carbon Footprint release notes (Google Cloud Documentation)",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_applicable"
      },
      "url": "https://docs.cloud.google.com/carbon-footprint/docs/release-notes",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "document_type_note": {
        "en": "Revised in place with no version history. The accessed date is the only anchor and must accompany any citation."
      },
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Google Cloud Docs",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is documenting its own product",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-esgdive-google-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Google's emissions continue to climb due to AI buildout",
      "authors": [
        "You, Josh"
      ],
      "publisher": "ESG Dive",
      "url": "https://www.esgdive.com/news/googles-emissions-continue-to-climb-due-to-ai-buildout/824373/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-07-02"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "from_search_metadata_not_confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "ESG Dive",
        "venue_type": "trade_press",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_journalism",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-esgtoday-google-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Google Says Moonshot Climate Goals \"Getting Harder\" to Achieve",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "publisher": "ESG Today",
      "url": "https://www.esgtoday.com/google-cuts-operational-emissions-but-says-moonshot-climate-goals-getting-harder/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-07-01"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "from_search_metadata_not_confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "ESG Today",
        "venue_type": "trade_press",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_journalism",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-uptime-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Uptime Institute Global Data Center Survey 2025",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "publisher": "Uptime Institute",
      "url": "https://uptimeinstitute.com/resources/research-and-reports/uptime-institute-global-data-center-survey-results-2025",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "results_2025",
          "date": null,
          "state": "not_extracted"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "results_2025",
      "date_verification": "not_confirmed_source_not_opened",
      "date_verification_note": {
        "en": "Reached via a footnote in Google's material; the editor has not opened it. Neither publication date nor survey period is confirmed."
      },
      "document_type": "industry_survey",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Uptime Institute",
        "venue_type": "industry_association",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "industry_survey",
      "cited_value": {
        "value": 1.54,
        "unit": "PUE",
        "state": "extracted",
        "scope": {
          "en": "Global average across survey respondents"
        }
      },
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        }
      },
      "editorial_use": {
        "en": "A chapter 4 example of how the choice of comparison baseline creates the conclusion."
      },
      "integrity_issues": [
        {
          "id": "ii-005",
          "severity": "major",
          "affects_cited_value": true,
          "description": {
            "en": "This is a respondent average, not an industry average. The population and response rate are unconfirmed. If operators who measure environmental metrics are likelier to respond, the figure runs low, which cuts against Google's claim; if inefficient operators stay silent, it runs high, which favours Google. The direction of the bias is unknown."
          },
          "action": {
            "en": "Never write 'industry average'; write 'average across survey respondents', and state that the direction of any bias is unknown."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ii-006",
          "severity": "minor",
          "affects_cited_value": false,
          "description": {
            "en": "Google chose this baseline to demonstrate its own advantage. The choice of baseline is itself part of the claim."
          },
          "action": {
            "en": "Treat in chapter 4 as the same issue as dec-D, appearing inside a company's own claim."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "src-altman-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "The Gentle Singularity",
      "authors": [
        "Altman, Sam"
      ],
      "url": "https://blog.samaltman.com/the-gentle-singularity",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2025-06-10"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "personal_blog",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Sam Altman's personal blog",
        "venue_type": "personal_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the author leads the company the figures describe",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "note": {
        "en": "Not an OpenAI publication; the CEO's personal blog."
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-openai-academy-env",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Environmental impact of AI (OpenAI Academy)",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://academy.openai.com/en/public/clubs/higher-education-05x4z/resources/environmental-impact-of-ai",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "published",
          "date": "2025-08-22"
        },
        {
          "label": "updated",
          "date": "2026-06-09"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "updated",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "vendor_educational_page",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "OpenAI Academy",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is describing its own product",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "key_finding": {
        "en": "OpenAI's own educational page states that no proprietary energy benchmark for its models has been published, and the roughly 0.3 Wh it cites is an external Epoch AI estimate. The CEO's 0.34 Wh is not adopted there."
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-epoch-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "How much energy does ChatGPT use?",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "publisher": "Epoch AI",
      "url": "https://epoch.ai/gradient-updates/how-much-energy-does-chatgpt-use",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2025-02-07"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "independent_analysis",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Epoch AI",
        "venue_type": "research_organisation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_analysis",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "independent estimate; the page states that the article represents the author's views and not necessarily Epoch AI's",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": "a Colab notebook is linked for the long-input calculation; the base 0.3 Wh arithmetic is shown in the article",
          "state": "extracted"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        }
      },
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_page_and_appendix_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-openai-gpt4-techreport",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "GPT-4 Technical Report",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2023-03-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "technical_report",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "OpenAI",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is reporting on its own model",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "key_finding": {
        "en": "States that, citing the competitive landscape and the safety implications of large models, it discloses no details of architecture including model size, hardware, training compute, dataset construction, or training method."
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-openai-gpt56-systemcard",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "GPT-5.6 System Card",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://deploymentsafety.openai.com/gpt-5-6/gpt-5-6.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-07-09"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "system_card",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "OpenAI",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is reporting on its own model",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-stanford-fmti-2025-openai",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Foundation Model Transparency Index, December 2025 — OpenAI company report",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "publisher": "Stanford CRFM",
      "url": "https://crfm.stanford.edu/fmti/December-2025/company-reports/OpenAI_FinalReport_FMTI2025.html",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "december_2025",
          "date": "2025-12"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "december_2025",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "index_report",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Stanford CRFM",
        "venue_type": "academic_institution",
        "peer_review": "unknown",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_academic",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_investigated"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_investigated"
        }
      },
      "key_finding": {
        "en": "Records energy, carbon and water for OpenAI's final training run as Not disclosed, scored 0."
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-amazon-sustainability-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "2025 Amazon Sustainability Report",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/2025-report",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-07"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "date_verification_note": {
        "en": "The investigator reported roughly July 2026. The date is not settled."
      },
      "document_type": "corporate_sustainability_report",
      "covers_fiscal_year": 2025,
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Amazon",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is reporting on its own operations",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-amazon-renewable-methodology",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Amazon Renewable Energy Methodology",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/amazon-renewable-energy-methodology",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed",
      "publication_date": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "methodology",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Amazon",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is documenting its own accounting",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-amazon-carbon-methodology",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Amazon Carbon Methodology",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/carbon-methodology.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "2026_update",
          "date": "2026-07"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "2026_update",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "methodology",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Amazon",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the vendor is documenting its own accounting",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_pdf_read",
      "note": {
        "en": "The edition read in the original Gemini investigation remains unknown. The temporary ledger keeper independently checked the July 2026 edition at the current URL on 2026-08-27."
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-microsoft-envreport-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Responsibly building the AI future: Microsoft Environmental Sustainability Report 2026",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2026/07/09/responsibly-building-the-ai-future/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-07-09"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "covers_fiscal_year": "FY2025",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Microsoft On the Issues",
        "venue_type": "corporate_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_pdf_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-microsoft-data-factsheet-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "2026 Microsoft Environmental Data Fact Sheet",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_applicable"
      },
      "url": "https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/2026-Microsoft-Environmental-Data-Fact-Sheet-PDF.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "2026_edition",
          "date": {
            "value": null,
            "state": "not_extracted"
          }
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "2026_edition",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "corporate_sustainability_report",
      "covers_fiscal_year": "FY2025",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Microsoft",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-microsoft-dc-efficiency-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Datacenter efficiency",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_applicable"
      },
      "url": "https://datacenters.microsoft.com/sustainability/efficiency/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Microsoft Datacenters",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-oviedo-joule-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Energy use of AI inference, efficiency pathways, and test-time scaling",
      "authors": [
        "Oviedo, Felipe",
        "Kazhamiaka, Fiodar",
        "Choukse, Esha",
        "Kim, Allen",
        "Luers, Amy",
        "Nakagawa, Melanie",
        "Bianchini, Ricardo",
        "Lavista Ferres, Juan M."
      ],
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102430",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.joule.2026.102430",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "journal",
          "date": "2026-04-22"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "journal",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Joule",
        "venue_type": "journal",
        "peer_review": "reviewed",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_extracted"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "reported_by_note": {
        "en": "A peer-reviewed paper by Microsoft researchers, not third-party assurance of Microsoft product telemetry."
      },
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-microsoft-research-oviedo-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Energy use of AI inference, efficiency pathways, and test-time scaling — Microsoft Research",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/energy-use-of-ai-inference-efficiency-pathways-and-test-time-scaling/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "vendor_educational_page",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Microsoft Research",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-microsoft-phi4-modelcard-2024",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Phi-4 model card",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-4",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "technical_report",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Microsoft on Hugging Face",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-microsoft-phi4-announcement-2024",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Introducing Phi-4",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azure-ai-foundry-blog/introducing-phi-4-microsoft%E2%80%99s-newest-small-language-model-specializing-in-comple/4357090",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2024-12-12"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Microsoft Tech Community",
        "venue_type": "corporate_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-microsoft-reports-hub-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Microsoft Reports Hub",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_applicable"
      },
      "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/reports-hub",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Microsoft",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-meta-sustainability-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Meta launches 2025 Sustainability Report",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://sustainability.atmeta.com/blog/2025/09/12/meta-launches-2025-sustainability-report/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2025-09-12"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "covers_fiscal_year": 2024,
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Meta Sustainability",
        "venue_type": "corporate_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-meta-data-index-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Meta 2025 Environmental Data Index",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_applicable"
      },
      "url": "https://sustainability.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Meta_2025-Environmental-Data-Index.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "2025_edition",
          "date": {
            "value": null,
            "state": "not_extracted"
          }
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "2025_edition",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "corporate_sustainability_report",
      "covers_fiscal_year": 2024,
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Meta",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-meta-ey-assurance-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Meta FY24 Independent Accountants' Review Report and Appendix",
      "authors": [
        "Ernst & Young LLP"
      ],
      "url": "https://sustainability.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Meta-EY_FY24-Independent-Accountants-Review-Report-and-Appendix.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "assurance_report",
          "date": "2025-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "assurance_report",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Ernst & Young LLP",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": "limited_assurance",
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "third_party_audit",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-meta-llama4-modelcard-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Llama 4 Maverick model card",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_extracted"
      },
      "url": "https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Original",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "technical_report",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Meta on Hugging Face",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-meta-cdp-2022",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "2022 Meta CDP Climate Change Response",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_applicable"
      },
      "url": "https://sustainability.atmeta.com/asset/2022-meta-cdp-climate-change-response/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "2022_response",
          "date": {
            "value": null,
            "state": "not_extracted"
          }
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "2022_response",
      "date_verification": "relayed_from_investigator_not_confirmed",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Meta CDP response",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "relayed_from_investigator_not_independently_read",
      "cited_comparison_baseline": {
        "value": 1.8,
        "unit": "PUE",
        "state": "extracted",
        "numeric_use": "forbidden",
        "source_of_baseline": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        },
        "population": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        },
        "reference_period": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        }
      },
      "source_locator": "PDF page 8 (printed page 7 of 75), CDP question C2.2a, Technology row",
      "baseline_provenance_search": {
        "state": "investigated_not_found",
        "detail": {
          "en": "The PDF contains 1.8 only at this location and gives no footnote, citation, population or reference period. Similar external figures were found, but none can be established as Meta's source, so no attribution is made."
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-google-ai-serving-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Measuring the environmental impact of delivering AI at Google Scale",
      "authors": [
        "Elsworth, Cooper",
        "Huang, Keguo",
        "Patterson, David",
        "Schneider, Ian",
        "Sedivy, Robert",
        "Goodman, Savannah",
        "Townsend, Ben",
        "Ranganathan, Parthasarathy",
        "Dean, Jeff",
        "Vahdat, Amin",
        "Gomes, Ben",
        "Manyika, James"
      ],
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15734",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "v1",
          "date": "2025-08-21"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "v1",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "technical_report",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "arXiv",
        "venue_type": "preprint_repository",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "Google-affiliated authors report measurements from Google's production infrastructure",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        }
      },
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_pdf_read",
      "source_locators": [
        "Section 3.1, pages 4-5",
        "Table 1 and Sections 3.3-3.4, page 6",
        "Section 4.1, page 7"
      ],
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-amazon-sustainability-2024",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "2024 Amazon Sustainability Report",
      "authors": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_applicable"
      },
      "url": "https://sustainability.aboutamazon.com/content/dam/sustainability-marketing-site/pdfs/reports-docs/2024-amazon-sustainability-report.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2025"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "corporate_sustainability_report",
      "covers_fiscal_year": 2024,
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Amazon",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_pdf_read",
      "source_locators": [
        "PDF page 10: PUE comparison",
        "PDF endnote page 62: IDC source"
      ],
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-azvai-anthropic-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Is Claude Sustainable? What Anthropic Discloses, What It Doesn't, and Why It Matters",
      "authors": [
        "Blanco, Borja"
      ],
      "url": "https://azvai.com/en/is-claude-sustainable/",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-05-16"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "independent_analysis",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Azvai",
        "venue_type": "consultancy_article",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_analysis",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_page_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-tunley-anthropic-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Anthropic AI and Carbon Emissions: What Businesses Should Consider",
      "authors": [
        "Yeardley, Aaron",
        "Clark, Ellis"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.tunley-environmental.com/en/insights/anthropic-ai-and-carbon-emissions-what-businesses-should-consider",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-06-04"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "independent_analysis",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Tunley Environmental",
        "venue_type": "consultancy_article",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_analysis",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_page_read",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-vanderbauwhede-2024",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Estimating the Increase in Emissions caused by AI-augmented Search",
      "authors": [
        "Vanderbauwhede, Wim"
      ],
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.16894",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "v2",
          "date": "2025-01-06"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "v2",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "technical_report",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "arXiv",
        "venue_type": "preprint_repository",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_analysis",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_pdf_read",
      "source_locator": "Section II and Algorithm 1, PDF pages 1-2",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-iea-key-questions-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Key Questions on Energy and AI",
      "authors": [
        "International Energy Agency"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "2026-04-16",
          "date": "2026-04-16"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "2026-04-16",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "technical_report",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "International Energy Agency",
        "venue_type": "research_organisation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true,
        "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_analysis",
      "reproducibility": {
        "methodology_released": {
          "value": "Annex A describes the bottom-up model and its boundaries",
          "state": "extracted"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_reported"
        }
      },
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locators": [
        "Executive Summary, PDF pages 9-11",
        "Chapter 2, PDF pages 28-32",
        "Executive Summary, online page",
        "Box 3.2 and Figure 3.3, PDF pages 37-38",
        "Annex A methodology and Table A.1, PDF pages 105-108"
      ],
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-ember-methodology-v1-5",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Ember Methodology v1.5",
      "authors": [
        "Ember"
      ],
      "url": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/ember_electricity_data_methodology.pdf",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "v1.5",
          "date": {
            "value": null,
            "state": "not_reported"
          }
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "v1.5",
      "date_verification": "not_investigated",
      "document_type": "methodology",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Ember",
        "venue_type": "research_organisation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_analysis",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locators": [
        "PDF pages 9-17: annual data, sources and electricity-generation emissions methodology",
        "PDF pages 15-16: lifecycle factors and caveats"
      ],
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-ember-yearly-data-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Yearly Electricity Data, full release, long format",
      "authors": [
        "Ember"
      ],
      "url": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/yearly_full_release_long_format.csv",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "snapshot-2026-08-27",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "snapshot-2026-08-27",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Ember",
        "venue_type": "research_organisation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "independent_analysis",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Rows where Year=2025, Category=Power sector emissions, Subcategory=CO2 intensity and Variable=CO2 intensity",
      "methodology_source_id": "src-ember-methodology-v1-5",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-apple-macbook-air-m4-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "MacBook Air (13-inch, M4, 2025) - Tech Specs",
      "authors": [
        "Apple"
      ],
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-gb/122209",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed-2026-08-27",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed-2026-08-27",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Apple Support",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Battery and Power section; product year and built-in battery capacity",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-eu-dishwashers",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Dishwashers",
      "authors": [
        "European Commission"
      ],
      "url": "https://energy-efficient-products.ec.europa.eu/product-list/dishwashers_en",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed-2026-08-27",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed-2026-08-27",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "European Commission",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "regulator_filing",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "How efficient? section: average electricity consumption of dishwashers sold in the EU in 2020",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-philips-led-8w",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "LED Bulb 8W A60 E27 6500K NonDim",
      "authors": [
        "Philips"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.mea.lighting.philips.com/consumer/p/led-bulb-60w-a60-e27/8718699669072/specifications",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-27",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed-2026-08-27",
          "date": "2026-08-27"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed-2026-08-27",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Philips Lighting",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Product title and Power consumption specification: Power 8 W; Energy Consumption 8 kWh/1000 h",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-xai-grok-4-2025",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Grok 4",
      "authors": [
        "xAI"
      ],
      "url": "https://x.ai/news/grok-4",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2025-07-09"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "xAI News",
        "venue_type": "corporate_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Opening availability statement and Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning section",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-xai-grok-4-5-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Introducing Grok 4.5",
      "authors": [
        "SpaceXAI"
      ],
      "url": "https://x.ai/news/grok-4-5",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-07-16"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "SpaceXAI News",
        "venue_type": "corporate_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Training Grok 4.5 section",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-xai-grok-4-6-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Introducing Grok 4.6",
      "authors": [
        "SpaceXAI"
      ],
      "url": "https://x.ai/news/grok-4-6",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-08-12"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "SpaceXAI News",
        "venue_type": "corporate_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Training Grok 4.6 section",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-xai-colossus-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Colossus: The World's Largest AI Supercomputer",
      "authors": [
        "SpaceXAI"
      ],
      "url": "https://x.ai/colossus",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed-2026-08-28",
          "date": "2026-08-28"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed-2026-08-28",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "SpaceXAI",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "The build, By the numbers, and timeline sections",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-xai-memphis-commitment-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Our Commitment to Memphis",
      "authors": [
        "SpaceXAI"
      ],
      "url": "https://x.ai/memphis/our-commitment",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed-2026-08-28",
          "date": "2026-08-28"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed-2026-08-28",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "SpaceXAI Memphis",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Building with - not just in - Memphis: grid redundancy and aquifer sections",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-xai-memphis-leadership-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "SpaceXAI's Leadership in AI",
      "authors": [
        "SpaceXAI"
      ],
      "url": "https://x.ai/memphis/leadership",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed-2026-08-28",
          "date": "2026-08-28"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed-2026-08-28",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "SpaceXAI Memphis",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Environmental Responsibility and Powering the Future sections",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-xai-memphis-updates-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "SpaceXAI's Greater Memphis Area Site Updates",
      "authors": [
        "SpaceXAI"
      ],
      "url": "https://x.ai/memphis/updates",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "as_published",
          "date": "2026-07-30"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "as_published",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "SpaceXAI Memphis",
        "venue_type": "corporate_blog",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "July 30, 2026 site update on temporary and permanent power generation",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-spacex-prospectus-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp. Final Prospectus (Form 424B4)",
      "authors": [
        "Space Exploration Technologies Corp."
      ],
      "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026042639/spaceexplorationtechnologi.htm",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "filed",
          "date": "2026-06-12"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "filed",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "regulator_filing",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locators": [
        "Prospectus summary and AI segment sections: acquisition/integration of xAI, COLOSSUS and COLOSSUS II compute capacity, training/inference infrastructure",
        "Risk factors: AI compute depends on power and water; environmental laws and data-center operations",
        "AI infrastructure TAM methodology: 1.2 PUE appears only as an assumed target for market sizing, not measured operational PUE"
      ],
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-spacex-10q-q2-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Space Exploration Technologies Corp. Quarterly Report (Form 10-Q), quarter ended June 30, 2026",
      "authors": [
        "Space Exploration Technologies Corp."
      ],
      "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026052535/spcx-20260630.htm",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "filed",
          "date": "2026-08-04"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "filed",
      "date_verification": "confirmed_on_page",
      "document_type": "versioned",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR",
        "venue_type": "corporate_report",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": true
      },
      "reported_by": "regulator_filing",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locators": [
        "Note 1 / Nature of Business: SpaceX and wholly owned subsidiaries operate an AI segment spanning Grok, X and AI computational infrastructure",
        "Quarterly filing searched for per-request energy, total training energy, operational PUE, embodied hardware emissions and environmental assurance"
      ],
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-spacex-ir-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "SpaceX Investor Relations",
      "authors": [
        "Space Exploration Technologies Corp."
      ],
      "url": "https://ir.spacex.com/investors/default.aspx",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "versions": [
        {
          "label": "accessed-2026-08-28",
          "date": "2026-08-28"
        }
      ],
      "read_version": "accessed-2026-08-28",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "SpaceX Investor Relations",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "verification_depth": "primary_source_read",
      "source_locator": "Investor-relations landing page and filing navigation checked for sustainability/environmental reports and related investor materials",
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-deepseek-site-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "DeepSeek official site",
      "url": "https://www.deepseek.com/",
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "date_published": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_reported"
      },
      "date_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "key_finding": {
        "en": "The site presents a conversational service for ordinary users, on the web and as an app, alongside a separate developer API, and describes general-purpose model research as the company's business."
      },
      "used_for": {
        "en": "An example of a provider meeting the selection criterion that this research did not investigate. Not used for any disclosure judgement."
      },
      "verified_by": "editor",
      "verified_at": "2026-08-28",
      "verified_by_model": "claude-opus-5",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "DeepSeek",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the page is published by the company it describes",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    },
    {
      "id": "src-mistral-chat-2026",
      "status": "active",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "title": "Mistral AI's conversational service",
      "url": "https://chat.mistral.ai/chat",
      "reported_by": "vendor_self_reported",
      "document_type": "continuously_updated",
      "date_published": {
        "value": null,
        "state": "not_reported"
      },
      "date_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "date_verification": "access_snapshot_created_by_investigator",
      "key_finding": {
        "en": "The company's conversational service is offered for ordinary users to sign up for and use directly. The service has been renamed from its earlier name, which the page itself states."
      },
      "used_for": {
        "en": "An example of a provider meeting the selection criterion that this research did not investigate. Not used for any disclosure judgement."
      },
      "verified_by": "editor",
      "verified_at": "2026-08-28",
      "verified_by_model": "claude-opus-5",
      "url_accessed": "2026-08-28",
      "publication": {
        "venue": "Mistral AI",
        "venue_type": "vendor_documentation",
        "peer_review": "none",
        "review_type": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "archival": false
      },
      "conflict_of_interest": {
        "value": "the page is published by the company it describes",
        "state": "extracted"
      },
      "reproducibility": {
        "code_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        },
        "raw_data_released": {
          "value": null,
          "state": "not_applicable"
        }
      },
      "integrity_issues": []
    }
  ]
}
